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ss{St¡msUÀa:

IpanÄ tcmK\nb{´W¯n\v

a®nsâ ^e]pjvSnbpw DXv]mZ\tijnbpw hnfIfpsS BtcmKyhpw \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xn a®nse kq£va PohnIÄ¡v Imcyamb ]¦pWvSv. ChbpsS A`mhsam {]hÀ¯\ Ipdthm kw`hn¨m a®nsâ Dev]mZ\tijn \jvSs¸SpIbpw tcmK§fpsSbpw IoS§fpsSbpw B`napJyw hÀ²n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. kky§Ä¡v t]mjIw e`yamIp¶Xn {][m\ {]{Inbbmb ""\yq{Snbâv ssk¡nÄ''’kq£va PohnIfpsS {]hÀ¯\¯nsâ ^eamWv. ssPhhkvXp¡fn AS§nbncn¡p¶ t]mjI§sf AgpI {]{InbbneqsS e`yam¡Â, t]mjI§sf kky§Ä¡v hens¨Sp¡mhp¶ cq]¯n ]mIs¸Sp¯nsbSp¡pI XpS§nbh Chbn DÄs¸Sp¶p. tcmKtlXp¡fmb kq£va PohnIsf \in¸n¡m³ tijnbpÅ D]ImcnIfmb kqjvaPohnIÄ a®nepWvSv. Ch X½n k´penXmhØ \ne\n¡p¶Xn\m tcmKtlXp¡fmb kqjvamWp¡fpsS AanXamb hÀ²\ XSbm\pw AXphgn hnfIsf tcmK§fn \n¶pw {]IrXn Z¯ambn kwc£n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

hÀ²n¨phcp¶ P\kwJy¡v B\p]mXnIambn cmPy¯nsâ `£y DXv]mZ\hpw hÀ²n¸nt¡WvSnbncn¡p¶p. CXnsâ `mKambn AXypXv]mZ\tijnbpÅ hn¯n\§fpsS D]tbmKw hym]Iam¡pIbpw AanXamb cmkhf§fpsSbpw IoSþIpanÄ \min\nIfpsSbpw D]tbmKhpw DÄs¸sSbpÅ Xo{hhnf]cn]me\ ]cn]mSnIÄ hym]Iambn \S¸nem¡pIbpw sNbvXp. AXypXv]mZ\tijnbpÅ hn¯n\§fpsS D]tbmKw hnfIsf ]eXcw tcmK§Ä¡v {]IrXym hnt[bam¡s¸«p. X³aqew AanXamb IpanÄþIoS\min\nIfpsS {]tbmKw Bhiyambn XoÀ¶p. AanXhpw XpSÀ¨bmbpapÅ hnjhkvXp¡fpsS {]tbmKw a®nse hnhn[ Xc¯nepÅ kqjva PohnIÄ X½nepÅ k´penXmhØsb XInSw adn¡pIbpw, D]ImcnIfmb kqjvaPohnIfpsS {]hÀ¯\w \in¸n¡pIbpw A\´cw a®nsâ Dev]mZ\tijn \jvSs¸Sm\pw tcmK§fpsSbpw IoS§fpsSbpw A[nIyw hÀ²n¡phm\pw CSbm¡n.hnfsbmsSm¸w a®nt\bpw kwc£nt¡WvSXv AXy´mt]£nXamWv. CXn\mbn cmkhkvXp¡fpsSD]tbmKw ]camh[n Ipd¨v ssPhoIamÀ¤§fneqsS tcmK§sfbpw IoS§sfbpw \nb{´nt¡WvSnbncn¡p¶p. CXnsâ {]m[m\yw DÄs¡mWvSv ]e ssPhoI amÀ¤§fpw tcmK\nb{´W¯n\mbn IsWvS¯n {]mtbmKnIXe¯n F¯n¨n«pWvSv.

a®n kzm`mhnIambn ImWp¶ Nnebn\w IpanfpIÄ¡v tcmKImcnIfmb IpanfpIsf \in¸n¡phm³ IgnhpWvSv. ss{St¡msUÀa, s]\nkoenbw, Bkv]ÀPnÃkv, ¥tbmt¢Unbw XpS§nb C\§Ä¡v Cu IgnhpÅXmbn sXfnbn¨n«pWvSv. Chbn Gsd {][m\yw AÀln¡p¶ H¶mWv ss{St¡msUÀa. hyXyØamb ]cnXØnXnbnepw ImemhØbnepw Cu IpanÄ hfcp¶p. hnfIÄ¡v Hcp hn[¯nepwCh lm\nIcambn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶nÃ. F¶pam{XaÃ, ChbpsS {]hÀ¯\w a®nsâ BtcmKy¯n\pw sNSnIfpsS hfÀ¨bv¡pw klmbIcamsW¶pw IWvSn«pWvSv. an¡IpanÄtcmK§tfbpw ^e{]Zambn \nb{´n¡phm\pÅ IgnhpÅXn\m C´ybpÄs¸sSbpÅ an¡ cmPy§fnepw ssPhoItcmK\nb{´W¯n\mbn ss{St¡msUÀa hym]Iambn D]tbmKn¨phcp¶p.

a®n IWvSphcp¶ ss{St¡msUÀasb ]co£Wimebn imkv{Xobambn thÀXncns¨Sp¡mhp¶XmWv. sNSnbpsS thcp]Se¯n\v NpäpapÅ a®n \n¶pw A\ptbmPyamb am²yaw (Potato dextrose agar)D]tbmKn¨v Chsb hfÀ¯n FSp¡p¶p. BtcmKyapÅ sNSnIfpsS thcp]Se§fnepw NpäpapÅ a®nepw hocyapÅ ss{St¡msUÀa ImWm\pÅ km²yX GsdbmWv. Hmtcm hnfIfpsS tcmK\nb{´W¯n\pw AXmXp hnfIfpsS thcp]Se¯n \n¶pw thÀXncns¨Sp¡p¶ ‘ss{St¡msUÀabmWv IqSpX D¯aw. C{]Imcw thÀXncns¨Sp¡p¶ ss{St¡msUÀa am²ya¯n ]¨¸q¸embn 3þ4 Znhkw sImWvSv hfÀ¶v hcpw. aäpIpanfpIÄ ChtbmsSm¸w hfcm³ km²yXbpÅXn\m hfsc {i²m]qÀÆw thWw ss{St¡msUÀasb thÀXncns¨Spt¡WvSXv. Bhiyambn h¶m Chsb hoWvSpw am²ya¯n ip²oIcns¨Sp¡mhp¶XmWv. tcmKmWp¡sf \in¸n¡m\pw sNSnbpsS hfÀ¨sb XzcnXs¸Sp¯phm\papÅ ss{St¡msUÀabpsS Ignhv hfsc hyXyØambncn¡pw. ]eXcw a®nÂ\n¶pw ss{St¡msUÀabpsS Hcp _rl¯mb tiJcw thÀXncns¨Sp¯v DWvSmt¡WvSXmWv. tcmKmWp¡sf \in¸n¡phm\pÅ ss{St¡msUÀabpsS tijnbmWv BZyambn \nÀ®bnt¡WvSXv. tcmKmWphpw ss{St¡msUÀabpw Hcpt]mse hfcp¶ am²ya¯n cWvSp IpanfpIsfbpw Hcpan¨p hfÀ¯n ss{St¡msUÀabpsS \ioIcWtijn hnebncp¯mhp¶XmWv. i{XpIpanfns\ \in¸n¡m³ IgnhpÅ ss{S¡msUÀa hfscthKw hfcpIbpw i{XpIpanfnsâ apIfn ]SÀ¶v ]nSn¨v Ahsb ]qÀ®ambn \in¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

HSphn ]co£Ww \S¯nb i{XpIpanfnsâ {]Xew apgph³ ss{St¡msUÀabpsS kzXkn²amb ]¨]q¸Â sImWvSp \ndbp¶p. hn]peamb tiJc¯n \n¶pw Gähpw IqSpX tijnbpÅ hsb sXcsªSp¯v sNSn¨«nIfn hfÀ¯nb sNSnIfn {]tbmKn¨v AhbpsS tcmK \nb{´Wtijnbpw sNSnbpsS hfÀ¨ XzcnXs¸Sp¯phm\pÅ Ignhpw hnebncp¯mhp¶XmWv. CXn \n¶pw tcmK \nb{´W¯n\v tijnbpÅ GXm\pw C\s¯ hoWvSpw sXcsªSp¯v ]co£W]mS§fnepw IÀjIcpsS ]mS§fnepw \nch[n XhW ]co£n¨p t\m¡nbXn\ptijw D¯a tijnbpÅhsb IsWvS¯p¶p. Chsb ]n¶oSv IÀjIÀ¡v D]tbmKn¡¯¡hn[w cq]m´cs¸Sp¯n e`yam¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

{]hÀ¯\ coXn 

ss{St¡msUÀa kky§fn tcmK§Ä DWvSm¡pIbnÃ, adn¨v tcmKtlXp¡fmb ss^täm^vtXmd, ]n¯nbw, ssdkIvtSmWnb, ^yptkdnbw apXemb i{Xp IpanfpIsf \in¸n¡p¶p. ss{St¡msUÀa DXv]mZn¸n¡p¶, ss{St¡mUÀan³, hndnkn³, ss¥tbmtämIvkn³ XpS§n Bân_tbm«n¡pIfpw aäp hnj hkvXp¡fpw i{XpIpanfpIsf \in¸n¡p¶Xn {][m\]¦v hln¡p¶p. ss{St¡mUÀabpsS X´p¡Ä tcmKtlXp¡fmb IpanfpIfpsS apIfn hfÀ¶v Ahsb hcnªpNpän Blmcam¡n amäp¶p. IpanfpIfpsS tImi§sf ebn¸n¡phm³ tijnbpÅ ssIänt\kv, ¥q¡t\kv, skÃptekv XpS§nb F³sskapIÄ DXv]mZn¸n¡phm³ Nnebn\w ss{St¡msUÀaIÄ¡v km[n¡pw. C{]Imcw hnhn[ coXnbnepÅ {]hÀ¯\§fm ss{St¡msUÀa IpanfpIfpw a®n ssPhhkvXp¡fpsS AgpIens\ klmbn¡p¶pWvSv.A§s\ a®nsâ LS\ kwc£n¡pIbpw ssPhhkvXp¡fn AS§nbncn¡p¶ t]mjI§fpw aäpw sNSnIÄ¡v e`yam¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

DXv]mZ\coXn 

km[mcWbmbn ss{St¡msUÀasb t]mjIemb\nbn hfÀ¯n A\ptbmPyamb hmln\nbpambn IeÀ¯n s]mSn cq]¯n e`yam¡p¶p. Dcpf¡ng§v sUIvkvt{Smkv emb\n am²ya¯n {ZmhI s^Àsatâj³ hgn hymhkmbnImSnØm\¯n ss{St¡msUÀa DXv]mZn¸n¡mhp¶XmWv. ta ]dª emb\n AWphnapàam¡n s^Àsaâdn \nd¨tijw amXrIĨÀ (emb\n : amXrIm IĨÀ = 100:5) \ÂIn, 10 Znhkw hfcm³ A\phZn¡Ww. s^Àsaâdn XpSÀ¨bmbn hmbp \ÂIm\pw CShn«v emb\n Cf¡m\pw {i²n¡Ww. ]¯p Znhks¯ hfÀ¨tbmSpIqSn Hcp anÃn enäÀ am²ya¯n 109þ1011 tImi§Ä DWvSmbncn¡Ww. s^Àaâdnse emb\nbn aäv AWp¡fnÃm F¶v ]cntim[n¨v Dd¸phcp¯Ww. aäv AWp¡fpsWvS¦n AXv IĨdnsâ KpW\nehmcs¯ _m[n¡pw. 

Sm¡mWv ss{St¡msUÀa¡v Gähpw A\ptbmPyamb hmln\n. Hcp Intem{Kmw Sm¡v s]mSn AWphnapàam¡nb tijw 300 anÃn enäÀ ss{St¡msUÀa emb\n tNÀ¯v sa¡m\n¡v anIvkdn cq]s¸Sp¯n FSp¡mhp¶XmWv. 

emb\nbpambn SmÂIv tNÀ¡pt¼mÄ GItZiw 25 iXam\w CuÀ¸w \ne\nÀ¯Ww. CuÀ¸w IqSnbm IĨdn aäv PohmWp¡Ä hfcm\pw AXphgn ss{St¡msUÀabpsS KpW\nehmchpw {]hÀ¯\tijnbpw Ipdbm\pw ImcWamIpw.

hymhkmbnImSnØm\¯n ss{St¡msUÀa IĨÀ DXv]mZn¸n¡pt¼mÄ sUIvkvt{Smkn\pw Dcpf¡ng§n\pw ]Icw ]©kmc ^mIvSdnbnse samfmÊkv t{kmXÊmbn D]tbmKn¡mhp¶XmWv.

IÀjIÀ¡v kz´w Bhiy¯n\mbn Npcp§nb tXmXn ho«nepÅ {]jÀIp¡À D]tbmKn¨v ss{St¡msUÀa DXv]mZn¸n¡mhp¶XmWv. ss{St¡msUÀabpsS hfÀ¨sb klmbn¡p¶ th¸n³]n®m¡vþNmWIs¸mSn an{inXw \ÃcoXnbn s]mSn¨v kamkaw tNÀ¡pI. Ipgªpt]mIm¯ coXnbn Bhiy¯n\v CuÀ¸w \ÂIpI. Hcp Intem{Kmw tijnbpÅ t]mfns{]m¸eo³ IhdpIfn 500 {Kmw hoXw an{inXw \ndbv¡pI. Hcn©p hymkhpw H¶c C©v hoXnbpapÅ ]n.hn.kn. (PVC) hfb¯neqsS IhÀ Ibän aS¡n ]ªnsImWvSv apdp¡n ASbv¡pI. C{]Imcw X¿mdm¡nb IhdpIÄ 10þ20 enäÀ hym]vXnbpÅ {]jÀIp¡dn\I¯v shůn ap«msX Xm§v sImSp¯v ASp¡n shbv¡pI. Xo I¯n¨v hnkn tI«tijw 20 an\n«pt\cw Xo Ipd¨v h¨tijw AWbv¡pI. XWp¯tijw IhdpIÄ ]pds¯Sp¯v Kymkv hnft¡m, _ÀWtdm AXpasæn I\wIqSnb Hcp henb sagpIpXncntbm tai¸pd¯v I¯n¨ph¨v Hmtcm Ihdpw {i²m]qÀÆw Xpd¶v Hmtcm henb kv]q¬ KpWta·bpÅ IĨÀ(commercial formulation) Hmtcm Ihdnepw C«tijw s]s«¶p Xs¶ ]ªn XncnsI apdp¡n AS¨v dºÀ hfban«v amänhbv¡pI. aäv AWp¡Ä {]thin¡mXncn¡m\mWv thK¯n Xpd¡pIbpw ASbv¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xv. 

10þ12 Znhkw sImWvSv ]¨\nd¯nepÅ ss{St¡msUÀabpsS hfÀ¨ IWvSpXpS§pw. Hcp {Kman GItZiw 109 tImi§Ä/kvt]md§Ä ImWpw. C{]Imcw th¸n³]n®m¡v NmWIs¸mSn an{inX¯n ss{St¡msUÀa DXv]mZn¸n¨v cWvSpamkwhsc kq£n¨ph¨v hnfIÄ¡v {]tbmKn¡mhp¶XmWv. taÂ]dª an{inX¯n 30 iXam\w AWphnapàam¡nb SmÂIvs]mSn tNÀ¯m CXv 5 amkw hsc tISpIqSmsX kq£n¡mhp¶XmWv. Im¸nsXmWvSv ss{St¡msUÀabpsS hfÀ¨sb klmbn¡p¶XmIbm Ch th¸n³ ]n®m¡pambn (10%) Iq«ntNÀ¯v ta¸dªcoXnbn ss{St¡msUÀa DXv]mZn¸n¡mhp¶XmWv.

{]tbmKn¡p¶ coXn

It¼mf¯n In«p¶tXm kzbw DXv]mZn¸n¡p¶tXm Bb ss{St¡msUÀa ssPhhft¯msSm¸amWv D]tbmKnt¡WvSXv. CXv ss{St¡msUÀabpsS hfÀ¨¡pw ZoÀLImew a®n hkn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xn\pw klmbIcamWv. th¸n³ ]n®m¡v ss{St¡msUÀabpsS hfÀ¨sb Gsd XzcnXs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\m NmWIs¸mSnsbmsSm¸w Ch IeÀ¯n D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv hfsc {]tbmP\IcamWv.

ssPhhf¯n ss{St¡mUÀa X¿mdm¡Â

DW¡ns¸mSn¨ NmWIhpw th¸n³ ]n®m¡pw 9:1 F¶ A\p]mX¯n (90 Intem{Kmw NmWIs¸mSnbn 10 Intem{Kmw th¸n³ ]n®m¡v) IeÀ¯nb an{inXw X¿mdm¡pI. Hmtcm 100 Intem{Kmw an{inXt¯msSm¸w H¶papX cWvSp Intem{Kmw hsc ss{St¡msUÀa hnXdnbtijw Bhiy¯n\v shÅw Xfn¨v \ÃXpt]mse Cf¡n tNÀ¡pI. CuÀ¸w A[nIambn an{inXw Ipgªpt]mImXncn¡m³ {]tXyIw {i²n¡Ww. CuÀ¸w A[nIambm an{inX¯n hmbpe`yX IpdbpIbpw ss{St¡msUÀabpsS hfÀ¨sb _m[n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. C{]Imcw X¿mdm¡nb an{inXw XWe¯v HcSn Dbc¯n Iq\Iq«n CuÀ¸apÅ Nmt¡m t]mfn¯o³ jotäm D]tbmKn¨v aqSpI. HcmgvN Ignbpt¼mÄ C§s\ X¿mdm¡nb an{inX¯n\p apIfn ]¨\nd¯n ss{St¡msUÀabpsS ]q¸Â ImWmw. tijw H¶pIqSn Cf¡n Bhiy¯n\v CuÀ¸w \evIn hoWvSpw Iq\ Iq«n aqSnbnSpI. C{]Imcw X¿mdm¡nb Hcp {Kmw an{inX¯n 106 ss{St¡msUÀa tImi§Ä DWvSmbncn¡pw. Im¸n sXmWvSv e`yamsW¦n AXpw C{]Imcw ss{St¡msUÀa hfÀ¯m³ D]tbmKn¡mw. Cu an{inXw km[mcW ssPhhfw D]tbmKn¡p¶ coXnbn {]tbmKn¡mhp¶XmWv. Cu {]{InbbneqsS sNSnbv¡v BhiyapÅ apgph³ ssPhhfhpw ss{St¡msUÀa D]tbmKn¨v t]mjn¸n¨v ]mS¯v D]tbmKn¡phm³ km[n¡p¶p. It¼mf¯n In«p¶ ss{St¡msUÀa AXpt]mse ]mS¯v D]tbmKn¨m hfsc Npcp§nb tXmXn am{Xsa hnfIÄ¡v In«pIbpÅq. IqSmsX CXn\v Gsd Nnehpw thWvSnhcpw.

th¸n³ ]n®m¡v Ipanfnsâ hfÀ¨sb XzcnXs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\m CXnsâ Afhv Iq«p¶Xv \ÃXmWv. th¸n³ ]n®m¡v e`yasæn NmWIs¸mSnbn am{Xambpw taev]cª coXnbn hfÀ¯n ss{St¡msUÀa D]tbmKn¡mhp¶XmWv. F¶m CXn ss{St¡msUÀabpsS F®w XmcXtay\ Ipdhmbncn¡pw. ss{St¡mUÀa kz`mhnIambn sNdnb A¾Xz kz`mhapÅ a®n hkn¡p¶XmIbm tIcf¯nse a®n Ip½mbw tNÀ¡msXXs¶ \ÃcoXnbn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p.

IpcpapfInsâ {ZpXhm«w XSbp¶Xn\v sImSn H¶n\v 5 Intem{Kmw an{inXw hoXw CSh¸mXnþXpemhÀjag XpS§p¶Xns\m¸w sImSn Nph«nse a®n tNÀ¡pI. IpcpapfIv hÅn DXv]mZn¸n¡m³ D]tbmKn¡p¶ t]m«nwKv an{inX¯nepw tXm«¯n hÅnIÄ \Sp¶ Ipgnbnepw ss{St¡msUÀa tNÀ¯ ssPhhf an{inXw D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv sNSnbpsS IpanÄtcmK{]Xntcm[iàn hÀ[n¸n¡p¶Xn\pw hfÀ¨sb XzcnXs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\pw Gsd klmbn¡pw.XmWv. GesNSn \Spt¼mgpw AgpI \nb{´n¡m\mbn ss{St¡mUÀa an{inXw D]tbmKn¡Ww. IqSmsX hÀjwtXmdpw sNSn H¶n\v 5 Intem{Kmw F¶tXmXn 2.5 Intem{Kmw hoXw CSh¸mXnbnepw XpemhÀj¯nepw agXpS§p¶Xnt\msSm¸w cWvSp {]mhiyambn an{inXw \ÂIp¶Xv D¯aamIp¶p.

]¨¡dn C\§fpsS XhmcWbnepw ]mS¯pw ImWp¶ thcv Nob F¶ {][m\ IpanÄtcmK¯n\v ss{St¡msUÀa ^e{]ZamWv. ss{St¡msUÀa hfÀ¯nb an{inXw XhmcWbnepw ]mS¯v \Spt¼mgpw \ÂtIWvSXmWv. DZym\sNSnIÄ \Sm³ X¿mdm¡p¶ t]m«nwKv an{inX¯nse Imen hfw ss{St¡msUÀa hfÀ¯n k¼¶am¡n IpanÄ tcmK§sf XSbmhp¶XmWv.

hm\nebn ImWp¶ AgpI DĸsSbpÅ IpanÄ tcmK§Ä \nb{´n¡p¶Xn\pw \à hfÀ¨ In«p¶Xn\pw ss{St¡msUÀa {]tbmKw km[yam¡p¶p. hm\ne \Spt¼mgpw XpSÀ¶pw \evIp¶ ssPhhfw th¸n³ ]n®m¡pambn tNÀ¯v ss{St¡msUÀa IeÀ¯n D]tbmKnt¡WvSXmWv. ImÀjnI kÀÆIemimebnÂ\n¶pw e`n¡p¶ ss{St¡msUÀa tem³Pn {_m¡ntbäw (T2) ss{St¡msUÀa hncnUn (T6) XpS§nbh hm\nebnse tcmK tlXp¡fmb ss^täm^vtXmd, ^yqtkdnbw, tImfntämss{S¡w XpS§nb IpanfpIÄ¡v hfsc ^e{]ZamWv. BbpÀthZacp¶pIÄ DXv]mZn¸n¡phm\mbn hfÀ¯p¶ Huj[ kky§Ä ssPhIrjn coXnbneqsS DXv]mZn¸nt¡WvSXnsâ Bhiyw FSp¯p]dtbWvSXnÃtÃm. Huj[kky§fn IpanÄ _m[aqew DWvSmIp¶ AgpI XpS§nbpÅ {][m\tcmK§Ä XSbp¶Xn\pw \à hfÀ¨ In«p¶Xn\pw ss{St¡msUÀa {]tbmKn¡mhp¶XmWv. D]tbmKn¡p¶ ssPhhf¯n ss{St¡msUÀa hfÀ¯n XhmcWbnepw ]mS¯p \Spt¼mgpw D]tbmKn¡Ww. ZoÀLImesNSnIÄ¡v ta¸dªXv IqSmsX hÀjIme¯v ssPhhfw {]tbmKn¡p¶Xnt\msSm¸w \ÂtIWvSXmWv. ss{St¡msUÀa DXv]mZn¸n¡p¶ ssPhhkvXp¡fpsS {]hÀ¯\¯m \à hfÀ¨ e`n¡pIbpw sN¿pw. FÃm hnfIfpsSbpw IpanÄ aqeapWvSmIp¶ thcv tcmK§Ä \à ]cn[nhsc A\ptbmPyamb t{St¡msUÀa D]tbmKn¨v \nb{´n¡mhp¶XmWv. CXn\mbn hnfIÄ¡v \ÂtIWvS ssPhhfw FÃmbvt¸mgpw ss{St¡msUÀa hfÀ¯n D]tbmKn¡m³ {i²n¡Ww.

Hcp iXam\w hocyapÅ ss{St¡msUÀa emb\n XmhcWbnepw hnfIfpsS Nph«nepw Hgn¡p¶Xv \ÃXmWv. ssXIÄ \Spt¼mÄ thcpIÄ ss{St¡msUÀa emb\nbn (250{Kmw 500 anÃoenäÀ shůnÂ) 15 an\n«v h¨tijw \Sp¶Xpw {]tbmP\IcamWv.

It¼mÌnt\msSm¸w ss{St¡msUÀa {]tbmKw

NIncnt¨mdn \n¶pw DXv]mZn¸n¡p¶Xv D¸sSbpÅ FÃmhn[ It¼mÌnepw AgpI {]{Inbbv¡ptijw ss{St¡msUÀa Hcp iXam\w tXmXn tNÀ¡p¶Xv hfsc {]tbmP\w sN¿p¶p. CXneqsS hfw {]tbmKn¡p¶ hnfIfpsS thcp ]Se¯n\pNpäpw ss{St¡msUÀabpsS {]hÀ¯\w DWvSmIpIbpw A§s\ i{XpIpanfpIfpsS hfÀ¨sbbpw {]hÀ¯\s¯bpw \nb{´n¡m\pw Ignbp¶p. It¼mÌp hf¯nsâ XpSÀ¶pÅ AgpIen\v ss{St¡msUÀa klmbIcamWv. FÃmhn[ ssPhhfhpw ss{St¡msUÀa IeÀ¯n D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv IqSpX {]tbmP\w sN¿pw.

aäp kq£vamWp¡sfmsSm¸apÅ {]tbmKw

kky§fpsS tcmK\nb{´W¯n\pw t]mjI§Ä e`yam¡p¶Xn\pw ]eXcw kq£vamWp¡sf D]tbmKs¸Sp¯mdpWvSv. PohmWphfambn D]tbmKn¡p¶ Atkmkvss]dnÃw, Aktäm_mIvSÀ, ssdtkm_nbw, `mhIw e`yam¡p¶ ssat¡mssdk, _mknÃkv XpS§nbhbpambn klhÀ¯n¨v t]mIp¶Xn\m ChbpsS Iq«mb{]tbmKw km[yamWv. F¶m ]e ^ypfpdkâv kyqtUmtamWkpw ss{St¡msUÀasb tZmjIcambn _m[n¡p¶Xmbn IWvSn«pWvSv. AXn\m D]tbmKn¡p¶ IĨÀ klhÀ¯n¨pt]mIpw F¶p XoÀ¨bnæn kyptUmtamWkv {]tbmKn¨v 10þ15 Znhk§Ä¡v tijta ss{St¡msUÀa D]tbmKn¡mhq.

ss{St¡msUÀabpsS e`yX

tIcf¯nse a®n \n¶pw thÀXncns¨Sp¯ hyXyØamb ss{St¡mUÀabpsS Hcp tiJcw shÅmbWn ImÀjnI tImtfPnse ssat{Im_tbmfPn skâdn e`yamWv. {][m\tcmK§Ä¡v tlXphmb ss^täm^vtXmd, ]n¯nbw, ^yptkdnbw, ssdtkmIvtSmWnb apXemb IpanfpIsf ^e{]Zambn \nb{´n¡phm³ IgnhpÅ ss{St¡msUÀa C\§sf thÀXncn¨v ]mIs¸Sp¯n FSp¯n«pWvSv. Cu IpanfpIsf hymhkmbnImSnØm\¯n DXv]mZn¸n¨v tIcf kwØm\ _tbmI¬t{SmÄ et_md«dn, ImÀjnIkÀÆIemimebpsS {]mtZinIKthjWtI{µ§Ä, ssat{Im_tbmfPn skâÀ apXemb Øm]\§Ähgn IÀjIÀ¡v e`yam¡p¶pWvSv.

IpcpapfInsâ {ZpXhm«w \nb{´n¡m³ A\ptbmPyamb ss{St¡msUÀa IsWvS¯nbn«pWvSv. ChbnÂss{St¡msUÀatemÂPn{_m¡ntbäw (T2), ss{St¡msUÀa hncnUn (T6), C³Uy³ C³Ìnäyq«v Hm^v kvss]kv dntkÀ¨v thÀXncn¨v FSp¯ ss{St¡msUÀa lmÀknbm\w XpS§nbh IÀjIÀ hym]Iambn D]tbmKn¨phcp¶p. ss{St¡msUÀa sshd³kv (T9), T2XpS§nbh Ge¯nsâ AgpIen\v hfsc ^e{]ZamWv. C©nbpsS Nobens\ \nb{´n¡m³ ]änb Hcn\amWv ss{St¡msUÀa hncnUn (T10). hm\ne, ]¨¡dn XpS§nbhbnse IpanÄtcmK§Ä¡v A\ptbmPyamb C\§fmWv ImÀjnI kÀÆIemimebn thÀXncns¨Sp¯ T2, T6 IĨdpIÄ.

{i²nt¡WvS Imcy§Ä
* IpanÄ \min\ntbmsSm¸w ss{St¡msUÀa D]tbmKn¡cpXv.
* IpanÄ \min\n D]tbmKn¨v 15 Znhkw Ignªv am{Xta ss{St¡msUÀa D]tbmKn¡mhq.
* cmk hft¯msSm¸w D]tbmKn¡cpXv.
* ssPh hf¯n tNÀ¯v D]tbmKn¡pI.
* Nmcw IeÀ¶ ssPhhf¯n tNÀ¯v D]tbmKn¡cpXv.

ss{St¡msUÀa D]tbmKn¡pt¼mÄ a®n CuÀ¸w DWvSmbncn¡m³ {i²n¡Ww.
* AwKoIrX Øm]\§Ä hnIkn¸ns¨Sp¯ KpWta·bpÅXpw tIcf¯nse a®n\v A\ptbmPyambXpamb ss{St¡msUÀa D]tbmKn¡m³ {i²n¡Ww.
* ]m¡än ]dªncn¡p¶ Imemh[n¡pÅn D]tbmKn¡Ww.
* ss{St¡msUÀa sNSnIfpsS DÅnÂIS¶v {]hr¯n¡m¯Xn\m tcmKtlXp¡fmb IpanfpIÄ DÅn IS¶v tcmKe£Ww IWvSpXpS§nb sNSnIfn ss{St¡mUÀabpsS {]tbmKw Gsd ^eh¯mInÃ. 
* _mIvSocnbsImWvSpWvSmIp¶ Ce]pÅn, hmS tcmK§Ä¡v Ch ^e{]ZaÃ. 

1. IpcpapfInsâ \gvkdnbn ss{St¡msUÀa {]tbmKw sNSnbpsS \à hfÀ¨¡pw hmS tcmK¯nsâ Xo{hX Ipd¡phm\pw klmbn¡p¶p.

tcmKw hcp¯m\mbn {ZpXhm«¯n\p tlXphmb ss^täm^vtXmd IpanÄ \evInbncp¶p.

2. ss{St¡msUÀa {]tbmKw C©nbpsS aqSv Nob tcmKw \nb{´n¡pIbpw hfÀ¨bpw hnfhpw hÀ[n¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

3. Nocbn ss{St¡msUÀa Ce]pÅntcmKw Ipd¡pIbpw hfÀ¨ hÀ²n¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

4. ss{St¡mUÀabpw ssat¡mssdkbpw H¶n¨v \evIp¶XneqsS IpcpapfInsâ hmSÂ, Ge¯nsâbpw C©nbpsSbpw AgpI F¶o tcmK§fpsS Xo{hX tXm«§fn Ipd¡mw

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